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Phaedo of Elis (; also ''Phaedon''; , ''gen''.: Φαίδωνος; fl. 4th century BC) was a Greek philosopher. A native of Elis, he was captured in war and sold into slavery. He subsequently came into contact with Socrates at Athens who warmly received him and had him freed. He was present at the death of Socrates, and Plato named one of his dialogues ''Phaedo''. He returned to Elis, and founded the ''Elean School'' of philosophy. Almost nothing is known of his doctrines; his school was subsequently transferred to Eretria by his pupil Menedemus, where it became the Eretrian school. ==Life== Born in the last years of the 5th century BC, Phaedo was a native of Elis and of high birth. He was taken prisoner in his youth, and passed into the hands of an Athenian slave dealer; being of considerable personal beauty,〔Plato, ''Phaedo'', 89a–b〕 he was compelled into prostitution.〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 105; Suda, ''Phaedon''; Aulus Gellius, ii. 18.〕 The occasion on which he was taken prisoner was no doubt the war between Sparta and Elis, 402–1 BC, in which the Spartans were joined by the Athenians in 401 BC.〔Xenophon, ''Hellenica'' iii.2.21–31; Diodorus Siculus, xiv.17.4–12, 34〕〔Debra Nails (2002), ''The people of Plato: a prosopography of Plato and other Socratics'', page 231. Hackett Publishing〕 Two years would have been available for Phaedo's acquaintance with Socrates, to whom he attached himself. According to Diogenes Laërtius〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 105〕 he was ransomed by one of the friends of Socrates. The ''Suda'' says that he was accidentally present at a conversation with Socrates, and pleaded with him to effect his liberation. Various accounts mention Alcibiades, Crito, or Cebes, as the person who ransomed him.〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 105; ''Suda'', ''Phaedon''; Aulus Gellius, ii. 18〕 Cebes is stated to have become friends with Phaedo, and to have instructed him in philosophy. Phaedo was present at the death of Socrates in 399 BC, and was young enough for Socrates to stroke his hair〔 which was worn long in the Spartan style.〔 That Phaedo was friends with Plato seems likely from the way in which he is introduced in Plato's dialogue ''Phaedo'' which takes its name from him. Athenaeus, though, relates that Phaedo and Plato were enemies, and that Phaedo resolutely denied any of the views which Plato ascribed to him.〔Athenaeus, xi. 505, 507〕 Phaedo appears to have lived in Athens for a short time after the death of Socrates. He then returned to Elis, where he became the founder of a school of philosophy. His disciples included Anchipylus, Moschus and Pleistanus, who succeeded him.〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 105, 126〕 Subsequently Menedemus and Asclepiades transferred the school to Eretria, where it was known as the Eretrian school and is frequently identified (e.g. by Cicero) with the Megarian school. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phaedo of Elis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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